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A doctrine revived: President Donald Trump, the Western Hemisphere, and the Caribbean energy corridor converge as U.S. power reshapes the region’s fragile energy balance. By Ahmed Fathi NEW YORK —  When U.S. forces moved to capture Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro  in a cross-border operation on January 3rd, the White House described the action as a law-enforcement measure—part of a broader effort to dismantle what it characterized as a criminal state apparatus. But outsi

The U.N. Security Council convened in emergency session as Washington’s operation in Venezuela detonated a familiar fault line inside the chamber. From warnings of a dangerous precedent to defenses framed as law enforcement, diplomats clashed over sovereignty, legality, and power—leaving the authority of the U.N. Charter itself under scrutiny.

In April 2013, Venezuela stood at a crossroads after the death of Hugo Chávez and Nicolás Maduro’s razor-thin victory. More than a decade later, revisiting that moment reveals what early analysis got right about legitimacy, power, and economic decay—and what it underestimated about time, endurance, and the ability of systems to survive by hardening.

The United Nations secretary-general has warned that recent U.S. military action in Venezuela represents a dangerous precedent under international law, raising concerns about regional stability and respect for the U.N. Charter as tensions escalate.