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The U.N. Security Council erupted into one of its most charged debates of the year as Iranian dissidents described torture, assassinations and a nationwide blackout, while the United States warned that “all options are on the table” and Iran accused Washington of laying the groundwork for illegal intervention.

Senior UN officials warned the Security Council that Ukraine’s civilian crisis is worsening as large-scale Russian strikes continue to devastate infrastructure and communities. Member states clashed sharply over responsibility, with European nations condemning Moscow, China urging negotiations without sanctions, and Russia denying civilian targeting. The divide underscored the gap between diplomatic rhetoric and the urgent humanitarian reality on the ground.

The U.N. Security Council convened in emergency session as Washington’s operation in Venezuela detonated a familiar fault line inside the chamber. From warnings of a dangerous precedent to defenses framed as law enforcement, diplomats clashed over sovereignty, legality, and power—leaving the authority of the U.N. Charter itself under scrutiny.

Somalia begins its January presidency of the UN Security Council, returning to the body after 54 years as it confronts a crowded agenda dominated by Somaliland tensions, the war in Gaza, and Sudan’s deepening humanitarian crisis.

Israel’s recognition of Somaliland triggered sharp divisions at the UN Security Council, with Somalia and regional allies warning the move threatens sovereignty, regional stability, and security in the Horn of Africa.

The United Nations has warned that Sudan’s war is entering a more dangerous phase, as intensified fighting, widespread drone strikes, and mounting civilian casualties raise fears of regional destabilization. Briefing the Security Council, senior UN officials cited escalating violence in Kordofan, attacks on civilians and peacekeepers, and a deepening humanitarian crisis as the conflict nears its 1,000th day.