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U.N. disarmament chief Izumi Nakamitsu warned that the NPT faces a critical test as states prepare for the 11th Review Conference in New York. With nuclear tensions rising, Iran’s file unresolved, and trust between nuclear and non-nuclear states under strain, the conference will test whether the treaty can still deliver more than just diplomatic survival.

The first public dialogues in the race for the next U.N. Secretary-General did not settle the contest, but they did bring the field into sharper focus. Michelle Bachelet, Rafael Grossi, Rebeca Grynspan, and Macky Sall now look less like overlapping résumés and more like four distinct answers to the same institutional crisis.

Rebeca Grynspan enters the U.N. secretary-general race with economic gravitas, multilateral fluency and reform credibility, but also with a central question hanging over her candidacy: whether deep knowledge of development, debt and institutional diplomacy can translate into enough political force to lead the entire United Nations.

Macky Sall enters the U.N. secretary-general race with presidential stature and African political weight, but also under a cloud of controversy over legitimacy, sponsorship and accountability questions tied to his record in Senegal.

Rafael Grossi enters the U.N. secretary-general race with crisis-era credibility, institutional discipline and one of the strongest operational profiles in the field, but also with a central question: whether technical mastery and management under pressure are broad enough for the U.N.’s top political office.

Michelle Bachelet enters the U.N. secretary-general race with presidential stature, global name recognition and human rights credibility, but also with a harder question hanging over her candidacy: whether moral authority can survive the veto politics that still decide the job.

Bahrain used the opening of its U.N. Security Council presidency to press its case against Iran, defend a Hormuz draft resolution and signal concern over regional instability. But questions from journalists exposed a deeper issue: the region still lacks a clear political mechanism to move from escalation management to a credible path toward de-escalation.

Iran’s attacks on Gulf states deserved condemnation and serious questions about regional security. Instead, some chose the cheaper route: blaming Egypt.

The Strait of Hormuz alliance shift did not emerge from a naval deployment, but from a recalibration in Washington. Japan and key European powers moved closer to U.S. strategic expectations, signaling alignment without full military commitment as the burden of securing Hormuz begins to redistribute.

As artificial intelligence reshapes power, the United Nations is struggling to keep pace. In a candid exchange, the Secretary-General acknowledged that global institutions lack leverage over technology powerful enough to influence elections, conflicts and societies. The result is an ambitious effort to set norms and warn of risks, even as enforcement remains beyond reach.