A General Assembly debate over the Strait of Hormuz laid bare the widening split at the United Nations, as PGA Annalena Baerbock put the Russian and Chinese vetoes under scrutiny and delegations from the Gulf, the United States, Iran, Pakistan and Israel fought to define the crisis.

As the United Nations turns 80, Secretary-General António Guterres is pushing the most ambitious reform plan in decades — cutting budgets, merging agencies, and streamlining mandates to rescue an overstretched system. His UN80 Initiative aims to make the UN “fit for today’s challenges,” but Member States — led by the United States — will ultimately decide whether this reset saves multilateralism or dismantles it.